annotate README.postfix @ 919:e371a935a0cd default tip master

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1 README.postfix Jan 28th 2012
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2
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3 The main challenge to setting up Mlmmj with Postfix is that Mlmmj must be
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4 executed by root or the owner of the list directory, but by default Postfix
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5 will execute Mlmmj as 'nobody'[1].
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6
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7 There are a number of possible ways around this:
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8
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9 - Making 'nobody' own your lists (insecure) [2]
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10 - Changing the Postfix default to an 'mlmmj' user (possibly insecure or
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11 impractical) [3]
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12 - .forward files (impractical) [4]
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13 - Using an :include: file owned by an 'mlmmj' user (possibly insecure and
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14 suboptimal) [5]
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15 - Adding an alias table owned by an 'mlmmj' user (suboptimal) [6]
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16 - Using a Postfix transport to run Mlmmj as an 'mlmmj' user (recommended)
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17
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18 As you can see, the last option is recommended. Here is how to set it up using
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19 Postfix virtual domains (so you can host multiple domains on the same server).
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20 (It can also be done with regular non-virtual aliases[7].)
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21
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22 1) Add an 'mlmmj' user to your system (e.g. using 'useradd'). It usually
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23 makes sense to make this a 'system' user, with no password and no shell
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24 (/usr/false for the shell), and for its home directory to be
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25 /var/spool/mlmmj (or wherever you want to put your Mlmmj spool directory).
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26
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27 2) Create your Mlmmj spool directory (we'll assume it's /var/spool/mlmmj)
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28 and change its owner to the 'mlmmj' user.
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29
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30 3) Add an 'mlmmj' transport which uses the pipe(8) delivery agent to execute
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31 mlmmj-receive as the mlmmj user by adding something like the following to
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32 master.cf (often in /etc/postfix)[8]:
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33
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34 # mlmmj mailing lists
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35 mlmmj unix - n n - - pipe
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36 flags=ORhu user=mlmmj argv=/usr/local/bin/mlmmj-receive -F -L /var/spool/mlmmj/$nexthop
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37
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38 Note that $nexthop is used to specify the list directory. We will return
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39 to that later.
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40
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41 4) Integrate some necessary options in main.cf (also often in /etc/postfix):
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42
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43 # Only deliver one message to Mlmmj at a time
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44 mlmmj_destination_recipient_limit = 1
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45
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46 # Consider the part after '+' but before '@' to be an address extension
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47 # i.e. addresses have the form user+extension@domain.tld
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48 recipient_delimiter = +
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49
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50 # A map to forward mail to a dummy domain
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51 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/virtual
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52
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53 # Allow virtual alias maps to specify only the user part of the address
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54 # and have the +extension part preserved when forwarding, so that
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55 # list-name+subscribe, list-name+confsub012345678, etc. will all work
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56 propagate_unmatched_extensions = virtual
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57
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58 # A map to forward mail for the dummy domain to the Mlmmj transport
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59 transport_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/transport
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60
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61 Of course, you may need to merge these options with existing ones (e.g.
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62 you probably have existing virtual_alias_maps if you run a multi-domain
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63 server).
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64
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65 It is probably unnecessary to change propagate_unmatched_extensions because
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66 it defaults to something including 'virtual'. You can check this with
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67 something like 'postconf | grep propagate'.
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68
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69 5) (For each list) Create a mailing list (e.g. by using mlmmj-make-ml). The
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70 list directory should be like /var/spool/mlmmj/list-dir for a flat
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71 structure, or /var/spool/mlmmj/domain.tld/list-name for a hierarchical
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72 structure (the -s option to mlmmj-make-ml may be useful to get the list
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73 created where you want it). Ensure the list directory and everything in it
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74 is owned by the mlmmj user (except you may want control files to be owned
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75 by your www server user in order to use web configuration interfaces; they
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76 must be readable by the mlmmj user though).
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77
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78 6) (For each list) Add entries to the Postfix tables to accept mail for the
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79 list and forward it to the Mlmmj transport:
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80
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81 /var/spool/mlmmj/virtual:
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82 list-name@domain.tld domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj
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83
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84 /var/spool/mlmmj/transport:
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85 # for a flat structure
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86 domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj mlmmj:list-dir
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87 # for a hierarchical structure
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88 domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj mlmmj:domain.tld/list-name
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89
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90 Note that we have used a dummy domain 'localhost.mlmmj' to connect the
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91 virtual alias with the Mlmmj transport. This could be anything as long as
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92 it isn't a real domain. The user part of the address could also be
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93 anything; as long as the address matches in both tables it should work.
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94
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95 Also note that the text after 'mlmmj:' becomes $nexthop which was mentioned
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96 earlier, so it is used to specify the list directory when executing
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97 mlmmj-receive.
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98
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99 7) Refresh your postfix tables and reload your configuration so it takes
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100 effect.
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101
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102 postmap /var/spool/mlmmj/virtual
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103 postmap /var/spool/mlmmj/transport
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104 postfix reload
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105
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106 Enjoy your new lists!
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107
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108
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109
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110 [1] Actually, the standard local(8) delivery agent will execute external
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111 programs (such as Mlmmj) as the 'receiving user'. However, unless you
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112 direct your mail to Mlmmj using a .forward file (see local(8)) or an
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113 :include: file (see aliases(5)), or your aliases file is not owned by root,
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114 there is no 'receiving user'. Without a 'receiving user', Postfix uses the
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115 user from the configuration option 'default_privs', which defaults to
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116 'nobody'.
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117
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118 [2] Making 'nobody' own your lists is insecure because other programs and
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119 daemons rely on 'nobody' not owning any files or having access to anything;
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120 they use 'nobody' as a way of denying access and keeping all your files and
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121 system secure. Most notably, some NFS implementations use 'nobody' when
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122 somebody connects but fails to authenticate. Your mailing lists should not
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123 be accessible in such situations, but they may be if they are owned by
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124 'nobody'.
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125
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126 [3] Changing 'default_privs' to an 'mlmmj' user may open other security holes,
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127 and may not be appropriate if Postfix is used for other external programs
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128 besides Mlmmj.
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129
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130 [4] Using .forward files is not practical, as it requires a user to be created
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131 for every mailing list.
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132
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133 [5] Using :include: files would require delivery to commands to be enabled in
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134 :include: files, which is not recommended for security reasons. It is also
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135 messy for virtual domains in the same way as an alias table owned by an
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136 'mlmmj' user is[6].
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137
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138 [6] Adding an alias table owned by an 'mlmmj' user works, and doesn't pose any
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139 great security risk. However, it is messy for virtual domains as you need
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140 to forward mail from the virtual domain to your non-virtual domain and then
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141 to Mlmmj. This results in each list having an additional address, which is
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142 not desirable. That extra intermediate address is also included in mail
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143 headers, which is not desirable (though it could be filtered out by Mlmmj).
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144 Setting up an Mlmmj transport is about the same amount of work and doesn't
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145 have these drawbacks. However, If you are not using virtual domains, this
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146 is a good and simple option; but it will not be explained in detail here.
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147
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148 [7] To use non-virtual alises, at step 4, you'll need to incorporate:
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149
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150 alias_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/aliases
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151 propagate_unmatched_extensions = alias
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152
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153 You probably will need to adjust propagate_unmatched_extensions in this
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154 case, probably by adding 'alias' to the existing value rather than using
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155 'alias' alone.
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156
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157 If you want to use 'newaliases' to update the alias table, you should also
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158 incorporate:
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159
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160 alias_database = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/aliases
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161
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162 At step 6, entries in /var/spool/mlmmj/aliases should look something like:
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163
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164 list-name: list-name@localhost.mlmmj
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165
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166 At step 7, you'll need:
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167
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168 postalias /var/spool/mlmmj/aliases
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169
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170 or (if you included alias_database above)
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171
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172 newaliases
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173
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174 And of course you can omit the virtual stuff if you're not using it.
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175
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176 Note that this has not been tested, but we believe it should work.
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177
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178 [8] The flags for the transport are pretty critical. In particular if the 'R'
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179 option is not used mlmmj-receive fails to receive the mail correctly. The
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180 options mean:
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181
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182 D - Prepend a 'Delivered-To: recipient' header (not used)
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183 O - Prepend an 'X-Original-To: recipient' header
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184 R - Prepend a 'Return-Path:'. header
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185 h - fold $nexthop to lowercase
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186 u - fold $recipient to lowercase
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187
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189