Mercurial > hg > mlmmj
annotate README.postfix @ 919:e371a935a0cd default tip master
Added tag RELEASE_1_3_0 for changeset 570dd6d4942b
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1 README.postfix Jan 28th 2012 |
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2 |
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3 The main challenge to setting up Mlmmj with Postfix is that Mlmmj must be |
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4 executed by root or the owner of the list directory, but by default Postfix |
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5 will execute Mlmmj as 'nobody'[1]. |
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6 |
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7 There are a number of possible ways around this: |
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8 |
847 | 9 - Making 'nobody' own your lists (insecure) [2] |
10 - Changing the Postfix default to an 'mlmmj' user (possibly insecure or | |
11 impractical) [3] | |
12 - .forward files (impractical) [4] | |
13 - Using an :include: file owned by an 'mlmmj' user (possibly insecure and | |
14 suboptimal) [5] | |
15 - Adding an alias table owned by an 'mlmmj' user (suboptimal) [6] | |
16 - Using a Postfix transport to run Mlmmj as an 'mlmmj' user (recommended) | |
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17 |
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18 As you can see, the last option is recommended. Here is how to set it up using |
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19 Postfix virtual domains (so you can host multiple domains on the same server). |
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20 (It can also be done with regular non-virtual aliases[7].) |
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21 |
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22 1) Add an 'mlmmj' user to your system (e.g. using 'useradd'). It usually |
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23 makes sense to make this a 'system' user, with no password and no shell |
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24 (/usr/false for the shell), and for its home directory to be |
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25 /var/spool/mlmmj (or wherever you want to put your Mlmmj spool directory). |
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26 |
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27 2) Create your Mlmmj spool directory (we'll assume it's /var/spool/mlmmj) |
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28 and change its owner to the 'mlmmj' user. |
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29 |
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30 3) Add an 'mlmmj' transport which uses the pipe(8) delivery agent to execute |
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31 mlmmj-receive as the mlmmj user by adding something like the following to |
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32 master.cf (often in /etc/postfix)[8]: |
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33 |
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34 # mlmmj mailing lists |
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35 mlmmj unix - n n - - pipe |
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36 flags=ORhu user=mlmmj argv=/usr/local/bin/mlmmj-receive -F -L /var/spool/mlmmj/$nexthop |
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37 |
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38 Note that $nexthop is used to specify the list directory. We will return |
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39 to that later. |
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40 |
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41 4) Integrate some necessary options in main.cf (also often in /etc/postfix): |
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42 |
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43 # Only deliver one message to Mlmmj at a time |
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44 mlmmj_destination_recipient_limit = 1 |
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45 |
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46 # Consider the part after '+' but before '@' to be an address extension |
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47 # i.e. addresses have the form user+extension@domain.tld |
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48 recipient_delimiter = + |
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49 |
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50 # A map to forward mail to a dummy domain |
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51 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/virtual |
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52 |
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53 # Allow virtual alias maps to specify only the user part of the address |
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54 # and have the +extension part preserved when forwarding, so that |
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55 # list-name+subscribe, list-name+confsub012345678, etc. will all work |
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56 propagate_unmatched_extensions = virtual |
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57 |
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58 # A map to forward mail for the dummy domain to the Mlmmj transport |
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59 transport_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/transport |
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60 |
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61 Of course, you may need to merge these options with existing ones (e.g. |
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62 you probably have existing virtual_alias_maps if you run a multi-domain |
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63 server). |
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64 |
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65 It is probably unnecessary to change propagate_unmatched_extensions because |
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66 it defaults to something including 'virtual'. You can check this with |
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67 something like 'postconf | grep propagate'. |
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68 |
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69 5) (For each list) Create a mailing list (e.g. by using mlmmj-make-ml). The |
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70 list directory should be like /var/spool/mlmmj/list-dir for a flat |
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71 structure, or /var/spool/mlmmj/domain.tld/list-name for a hierarchical |
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72 structure (the -s option to mlmmj-make-ml may be useful to get the list |
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73 created where you want it). Ensure the list directory and everything in it |
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74 is owned by the mlmmj user (except you may want control files to be owned |
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75 by your www server user in order to use web configuration interfaces; they |
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76 must be readable by the mlmmj user though). |
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77 |
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78 6) (For each list) Add entries to the Postfix tables to accept mail for the |
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79 list and forward it to the Mlmmj transport: |
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80 |
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81 /var/spool/mlmmj/virtual: |
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82 list-name@domain.tld domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj |
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83 |
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84 /var/spool/mlmmj/transport: |
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85 # for a flat structure |
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86 domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj mlmmj:list-dir |
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87 # for a hierarchical structure |
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88 domain.tld--list-name@localhost.mlmmj mlmmj:domain.tld/list-name |
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89 |
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90 Note that we have used a dummy domain 'localhost.mlmmj' to connect the |
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91 virtual alias with the Mlmmj transport. This could be anything as long as |
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92 it isn't a real domain. The user part of the address could also be |
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93 anything; as long as the address matches in both tables it should work. |
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94 |
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95 Also note that the text after 'mlmmj:' becomes $nexthop which was mentioned |
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96 earlier, so it is used to specify the list directory when executing |
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97 mlmmj-receive. |
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98 |
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99 7) Refresh your postfix tables and reload your configuration so it takes |
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100 effect. |
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101 |
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102 postmap /var/spool/mlmmj/virtual |
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103 postmap /var/spool/mlmmj/transport |
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104 postfix reload |
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105 |
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106 Enjoy your new lists! |
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107 |
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108 |
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109 |
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110 [1] Actually, the standard local(8) delivery agent will execute external |
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111 programs (such as Mlmmj) as the 'receiving user'. However, unless you |
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112 direct your mail to Mlmmj using a .forward file (see local(8)) or an |
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113 :include: file (see aliases(5)), or your aliases file is not owned by root, |
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114 there is no 'receiving user'. Without a 'receiving user', Postfix uses the |
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115 user from the configuration option 'default_privs', which defaults to |
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116 'nobody'. |
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117 |
847 | 118 [2] Making 'nobody' own your lists is insecure because other programs and |
119 daemons rely on 'nobody' not owning any files or having access to anything; | |
120 they use 'nobody' as a way of denying access and keeping all your files and | |
121 system secure. Most notably, some NFS implementations use 'nobody' when | |
122 somebody connects but fails to authenticate. Your mailing lists should not | |
123 be accessible in such situations, but they may be if they are owned by | |
124 'nobody'. | |
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125 |
847 | 126 [3] Changing 'default_privs' to an 'mlmmj' user may open other security holes, |
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127 and may not be appropriate if Postfix is used for other external programs |
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128 besides Mlmmj. |
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129 |
847 | 130 [4] Using .forward files is not practical, as it requires a user to be created |
131 for every mailing list. | |
132 | |
133 [5] Using :include: files would require delivery to commands to be enabled in | |
134 :include: files, which is not recommended for security reasons. It is also | |
135 messy for virtual domains in the same way as an alias table owned by an | |
136 'mlmmj' user is[6]. | |
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137 |
847 | 138 [6] Adding an alias table owned by an 'mlmmj' user works, and doesn't pose any |
139 great security risk. However, it is messy for virtual domains as you need | |
140 to forward mail from the virtual domain to your non-virtual domain and then | |
141 to Mlmmj. This results in each list having an additional address, which is | |
142 not desirable. That extra intermediate address is also included in mail | |
143 headers, which is not desirable (though it could be filtered out by Mlmmj). | |
144 Setting up an Mlmmj transport is about the same amount of work and doesn't | |
145 have these drawbacks. However, If you are not using virtual domains, this | |
146 is a good and simple option; but it will not be explained in detail here. | |
147 | |
148 [7] To use non-virtual alises, at step 4, you'll need to incorporate: | |
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149 |
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150 alias_maps = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/aliases |
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151 propagate_unmatched_extensions = alias |
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152 |
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153 You probably will need to adjust propagate_unmatched_extensions in this |
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154 case, probably by adding 'alias' to the existing value rather than using |
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155 'alias' alone. |
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156 |
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157 If you want to use 'newaliases' to update the alias table, you should also |
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158 incorporate: |
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159 |
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160 alias_database = hash:/var/spool/mlmmj/aliases |
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161 |
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162 At step 6, entries in /var/spool/mlmmj/aliases should look something like: |
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163 |
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164 list-name: list-name@localhost.mlmmj |
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165 |
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166 At step 7, you'll need: |
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167 |
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168 postalias /var/spool/mlmmj/aliases |
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169 |
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170 or (if you included alias_database above) |
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171 |
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172 newaliases |
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173 |
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174 And of course you can omit the virtual stuff if you're not using it. |
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175 |
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176 Note that this has not been tested, but we believe it should work. |
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177 |
847 | 178 [8] The flags for the transport are pretty critical. In particular if the 'R' |
179 option is not used mlmmj-receive fails to receive the mail correctly. The | |
180 options mean: | |
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181 |
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182 D - Prepend a 'Delivered-To: recipient' header (not used) |
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183 O - Prepend an 'X-Original-To: recipient' header |
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184 R - Prepend a 'Return-Path:'. header |
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185 h - fold $nexthop to lowercase |
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186 u - fold $recipient to lowercase |
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187 |
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188 |
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189 |